New research suggests that activity in different brain areas may distinguish between those who would do well with different types of OCD therapy. Hence, we suggest, RSA change indexes the immediate component of the stop signal, while subjective satisfaction tracks the delayed or longer-lasting component of the stop mechanism. The adjusted means for satisfaction and wash duration appear in the other two panels of Figure 3. 0000011849 00000 n here. The basic idea would be to develop techniques to teach, or compensate for the weakness of, the security-satiety or stop signal. Representative Research Publications I have categorized some of my most recent and well-cited research articles and book chapters into the topic areas belo w. Where possible, I have provided access to downloadable Adobe Acrobat PDF files of each publication. To provide an analogy, gastric loading with water rather than food can suppress hunger albeit briefly compared to a nutrient meal, and consequently the motivation to eat will emerge more quickly due to the absence of delayed metabolic inhibitory factors. Diagnosis and SymptomsA. t���@P�i���;�.��a���0�csL�� ;�$����``[�}�8�V�����ac� �!/�&�^�e���e�D�Y�. More research is needed to understand this relationship better. No, Is the Subject Area "Behavior" applicable to this article? 2016-2019) to peer-reviewed documents (articles, reviews, conference papers, data papers and book chapters) published in the same four calendar years, divided by … Moreover, we propose that a deficiency of the delayed components makes OCD patients particularly susceptible to re-activation by potential threat. No, Is the Subject Area "Hand washing" applicable to this article? Hence, it is possible that such techniques can also be used to intensify or enhance the internal stop signal. Specifically, they were told, “You have 30 seconds to wash, so if you are still washing after 30 seconds, I will ask you to stop.” A subsequent 2-min resting period with eyes closed allowed the collection of the third sample of RSA data. The corresponding MANCOVAs for contamination, wash duration, and satisfaction also yielded Group×Time of Measurement interactions that did not approach significance: F(2, 23) = 1.13, ns; F(1, 24) = .55, ns; and F(1, 24) = 1.63, ns, respectively. Competing interests: Ms. Hinds, Dr. Woody, Dr. Schmidt, and Dr. Szechtman report no competing interests. The perspective advanced here provides a different way of explaining to patients the underlying nature of their difficulties, which, by linking OCD to normal psychology, may connect better with their experiences, thus providing a more acceptable rationale for treatment and enhancing persistence with its difficult challenges. 0000029297 00000 n In OCD, failure of proprioceptive sensory feedback to fulfill the predicted patterns of sensory signals could generate a mismatch or error signal, which in turn might interfere with the stop-feedback function of corrective actions. 0000070312 00000 n Biological ModelsF. In the OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study (2007-2012), we and our collaborators at five other academic centers interviewed, and collected DNA samples from, 2000 individuals with OCD and their parents. These citation classics provide an important insight into the historical developments, like the role of serotonin and caudate in OCD. The research reviewed in this article highlights several important dimensions of how to conceptualize and execute treatment for OCD. According to polyvagal theory, there is an intermediate state, occurring when attention is drawn to the environment because of potential threat or novelty, in which parasympathetic influence is reduced, so that the sympathetic system can be triggered quickly if it turns out to be required later. Removal of this brake makes the heart's inter-beat interval less modulated and hence more regular, yielding decreased RSA amplitude (measured in ln msec2), which thus indicates a shift from a safe toward a potential-threat autonomic state. This effect did not approach statistical significance, F(2, 22) = .10, ns. Preferred options if first-line treatment fails Switch the SRI. The patients were recruited through the McMaster University Medical Centre (Hamilton Health Sciences) (33 participants) or advertisements in the general community (24 participants). A contrasting explanation posits that underlying OCD is a dysfunction of termination—a stopping problem—in which there is failure of the normal process of termination of such security-related thoughts and actions. Yes e30586. Posted Oct 23, 2020 0000026049 00000 n IOCDF noted that the feeling is unwanted, overwhelming, and includes intense anxiety which can be very OCD research papers: point 2. OCD research papers: point 3. The foregoing experiment with OCD washers provided some evidence against the first two of these alternative possibilities, in that these patients did not show any indication of a starting problem in response to the threat of contamination. Finally, participants washed their hands freely for as long as they wanted. 0000076026 00000 n There were no significant effects of Medication Type on RSA, either as a main effect or in interaction with Stimulus (diapers or Styrofoam) and Time of Measurement. The paradigm used in this experiment was developed previously in a series of studies with non-patient participants [16]. 0000010091 00000 n Hence, it is the actual performance of security-related behavior which signals goal-attainment and generates the negative feedback for terminating security motivation activity. Thus, it is not clear whether the results apply to this subtype only, or would also apply to OCD patients with a different symptom subtype. Accordingly, Szechtman and Woody [3] proposed that OCD is a dysfunction of a biologically primal motivational system that normally helps to protect organisms from potential dangers like disease and attack by predators. 0000021089 00000 n For each of the two diaper conditions, seven of the diapers were piled in a hospital wastebin labeled Pediatrics; in the Styrofoam-beads condition, a similar but unlabeled container was used. 0000003269 00000 n ($h����!�C샽����R^��;�6la�w�g�� f#���AG��Q�ɗE��� Error bars represent 1 SE. Also avail free - 'Obsessive Compulsive Disorder News Widget' from Medindia [�q�����X���z�M�S7�m˨�~q����4��\�ů O?�C endstream endobj 837 0 obj <> endobj 838 0 obj <>stream Many individuals with OCD also expe-rience other Axis I disorders, such as mood and anxiety prob-lems (4), This article provides an overview of the development of effective psychological treatments for OCD, together with a review of the latest treatment-outcome research, CBT is the most effective form of treatment for 0000021746 00000 n However, even though the OCD patients washed much longer than controls in the subsequent free-wash opportunity, their level of satisfaction with their hand-washing remained significantly lower than that of the controls. From polyvagal theory [ 15 ], [ 4 ] $ ���� `` �. Is in “ behavioral inhibition, ” a form of fronto-executive control over responding... To activation by threats of contamination via germs or disease ALH EZW MVA LAS HS be for. 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